Anion gap
Investigation
 
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Anion Gap = (Na+K)-(HCO3+Cl).
Normal range is 8-16.
>16 suggests the presence of another anion.

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High Anion Gap acidosis causes (LTKR):
Lactate;
Toxins (EtOH, ethylene glycol, mannitol);
Ketones (Acetoacetate/Betahydroxy butyrate);
Renal (urea)

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Normal anion gap acidosis causes (GRO):
GIT - Enteric HCO3 loss (Diarhoea/Gastric fistula);
Renal - RTA, HCO3- loss;
Other - Hyperchloraemic

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