Clinical Procedure
 
Aliases:
Lung resection
Wedge resection
Pulmonary resection

Topic aliases are alternate phrasings for a particular topic.


Anesthetic considerations may be divided into three broad areas: the pre-operative assessment of fitness for pneumonectomy and optimisation, the conduct of anaesthesia with particular reference to one-lung anaesthesia, positioning, intra-operative monitoring and fluid balance, and finally, post-operative care

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Mediastinal herniation is a differential in post-operative hypotension following pneumonectomy. Ensure ICC not on suction, and place patient with thoracotomy side up.

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"Anaesthetists are not gatekeepers. Nearly anyone with a resectable lung malignancy is an operative candidate.
Anaesthetists role is to identify high-risk pts and focus resources to improve outcomes." refl.in/h8

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Flowchart to evaluate/assess suitability for lung resection.

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ICC on drainage but not suction

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For the purpose of calculating postoperative mechanical function, total number of lung subsegments is 42. Contribution of each lobe as follows. LUL = 10, LLL = 10, RUL = 4, RML = 6, RLL = 8. From refl.in/63

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6-8ml/kg tidal volume to reduce risk of acute lung injury. (extrapolated from the ARDSNet trial)

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May require bronchoscopy through single lumen endotracheal (ETT) first

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For an average adult patient, crystalloid administration should be limited to < 3 L in the first 24 hours. Miller 7th ed Table 59-17

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If increased tissue perfusion is needed postoperatively, it is preferable to use invasive monitoring and inotropes rather than to cause fluid overload. Miller 7th ed Table 59-17

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In addition to the increased pulmonary vasculature resistance due to resection of a fraction of the cross-section of the pulmonary vasculature, hypoxaemia,
acidosis, vasoconstrictor drugs, and fluid overload also contribute to increased right heart afterload, predisposing to right ventricular failure.

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Factors which may contribute to postoperative hypoxaemia and hypercarbia include soiling of the remaining lung during surgery and pulmonary oedema secondary to the decreased vascular bed

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6
Patients with good preoperative spirometric pulmonary function tests tend to have lower PaO2 values during one-lung anaesthesia than patients with poor spirometry. refl.in/8z

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Predictors for need for postoperative ventilation include: Red blood cell transfusion; renal impairment; lower preoperative FEV1; more extensive lung resection. refl.in/62

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Surgeon may inadvertantly stimulate vagal nerve. Be alert for episodes of bradycardia.

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The usual Hct of post-operative drainage fluid is < 20%, values higher than this should raise the suspicion of
haemorrhage #ref

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Three legged stool approach to assessment of suitability for lung resection. Lung mechanics, parenchymal function, and cardiorespiratory reserve. Image from refl.in/63

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Total positive fluid balance in the first 24-hour perioperative period should not exceed 20 mL/kg. Miller 7th ed Table 59-17

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