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In most cases pulmonary hypoplasia is secondary to an underlying abnormality such as:
1. space occupying lesions in the chest, such as misplaced abdominal organs in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), and pleural effusions;
2. malformations of the chest wall resulting in a small thoracic cavity, as may occur in kyphoscoliosis and some skeletal dysplasias;
3. oligohydramnios which may result from lack of
functioning renal tissue (bilateral renal agenesis or cystic
dysplasia), urinary outflow obstruction, or prolonged
premature rupture of the membranes;
4. neuromuscular disorders which prevent normal fetal
breathing movements.
Primary pulmonary hypoplasia is very rare, but occasionally
structurally normal but hypoplastic lungs are
found at necropsy and no underlying cause can be identified.
Congenital acinar dysplasia is an extremely rare
primary maldevelopment of the lungs that results in
pulmonary hypoplasia. Pulmonary hypoplasia may also be
a feature of trisomy 21.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubm...
1. space occupying lesions in the chest, such as misplaced abdominal organs in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), and pleural effusions;
2. malformations of the chest wall resulting in a small thoracic cavity, as may occur in kyphoscoliosis and some skeletal dysplasias;
3. oligohydramnios which may result from lack of
functioning renal tissue (bilateral renal agenesis or cystic
dysplasia), urinary outflow obstruction, or prolonged
premature rupture of the membranes;
4. neuromuscular disorders which prevent normal fetal
breathing movements.
Primary pulmonary hypoplasia is very rare, but occasionally
structurally normal but hypoplastic lungs are
found at necropsy and no underlying cause can be identified.
Congenital acinar dysplasia is an extremely rare
primary maldevelopment of the lungs that results in
pulmonary hypoplasia. Pulmonary hypoplasia may also be
a feature of trisomy 21.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubm...
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Aug 16, 2012